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Perennials Iris

California native plants are plants that existed in California prior to the arrival of Europeans. Some of them have extraordinary horticultural appeal, and have been grown in European gardens for over a century. more...

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California native plants are in rapid decline in their land of origin due to pressures from urban development, agriculture, overgrazing, recreation, and invasive non-native species. Citizen groups are at the forefront of a movement to save these plants from further losses.

The California Floristic Province, a geographical area that covers most of California, portions of neighboring Oregon, Nevada, and Baja California, is regarded as a world hotspot of biodiversity . According to the Jepson Manual , California is home to 5,862 species, subspecies, and varieties of native plants. This figure is comparable to the species in all the other states combined! (California also has 1,023 species of non-native plants introduced during the immigrations of the 18th-20th centuries.)

Of California's total plant population, 2,153 species, subspecies, and varieties are endemic -- they occur nowhere else on earth. This botanical diversity stems not only from the size of the state, but also its diverse topography, climates, and soils. Numerous plant groupings exist in California, and botanists have attempted to structure them into identifiable vegetation types or communities.

Common Trees of California

Among the better known California trees are the coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum). The former occurs in the fog-shrouded coast ranges, the latter in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Among conifers, California has eight species of fir (Abies sp]]), the Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii and Southern California's Pseudotsuga macrocarpa), the Incense Cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), the Lawson Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), also known as Port Orford Cedar, and twenty-one Pine species, including the most well-known Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa), the naturally limited but widely planted Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata), the Bishop Pine (Pinus muricata) and others: P. albicaulis, p. aristata, P. attenuata, P. balfouriana, P. contorta, P. coulteri, P. edulis, P. flexilis, P. jeffreyi, P. lambertiana, P. monophylla, P. monticola, P. murrayana, P. quadrifolia, P. remorata, P. sabiniana, P. torreyana, and P. washoensis. In the mountains are poplars - Quaking Aspen (Populus Tremuloides) and black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). Still higher are White fir (Abies concolor) and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana).