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Perennials Violet

Erythronium is a genus of bulbous spring-flowering perennials. They have attractive pendant flowers and sometimes mottled leaves. Many are best grown in shade so that the bulbs do not overheat or dry out. more...

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The genus consists of 20-30 species. The species are primarily in temperate North America, with a few species in the Old World. Common names include fawn lily or fawnlily, trout lily, dog's-tooth violet and adder's-tongue.

Species

Western North America (West of the Rocky Mountains)

Erythronium californicum Purdy - California Fawn Lily; Erythronium citrinum S. Wats. - Cream Fawn Lily; Erythronium elegans Hammond & Chambers - Coast Range Fawn Lily; Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh - Dogtooth Lily, Yellow Avalanche-lily, Yellow Fawn Lily; Erythronium helenae Applegate - Pacific Fawn Lily; Erythronium hendersonii S. Wats. - Henderson's Fawn Lily; Erythronium idahoense St.John & G.N.Jones; Erythronium howellii S. Wats. - Howell's Fawn Lily; Erythronium klamathense Applegate - Klamath Fawn Lily; Erythronium montanum S. Wats. - White Avalanche-lily, Glacier Lily; Erythronium multiscapoideum (Kellogg) A. Nels. & Kennedy - Sierra Fawn Lily; Erythronium oregonum Applegate - Giant White Fawn Lily; Erythronium pluriflorum Shevock, Bartel & Allen - Manyflower Fawn Lily; Erythronium purpurascens S. Wats. - Purple Fawn Lily; Erythronium pusaterii (Munz & J.T. Howell) Shevock, Bartel & Allen - Kaweah Lakes Fawn Lily; Erythronium quinaultense G A Allen - Olympic Fawn Lily; Erythronium revolutum Sm. - Mahogany Fawn Lily; Erythronium taylorii Shevock & G A Allen - Taylor's Fawn Lily; Erythronium tuolumnense Applegate - Tuolumne Fawn Lily;

Eastern North America (East of the Rocky Mountains)

Erythronium albidum Nutt. - Small White Fawn Lily, White Fawn Lily; Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl. - Trout Lily, Yellow Trout Lily, Adder's Tongue, Dogtooth Violet; Erythronium mesochoreum Knerr - Midland Fawn Lily, White Fawn Lily; Erythronium propullans Gray - Minnesota Dwarf Trout Lily, Minnesota Fawn Lily, Minnesota Trout Lily; Erythronium rostratum W. Wolf - Yellow Trout Lily; Erythronium umbilicatum Parks & Hardin - Dimpled Trout Lily;

Europe

Erythronium dens-canis L. Dog Tooth Violet;

Asia

Erythronium caucasicum Woronow; Erythronium japonicum Decne. - Katakuri; Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Krylov;

Uses

The bulb is edible as a root vegetable, cooked or dried, and can be ground into flour. The leaves can also be cooked as a leaf vegetable. In Japan, Erythronium japonicum is called katakuri, and the bulb is processed to produce starch, which is used for food and other purposes.